Cardano uses a hard fork combinator to keep the chain alive through these transitions instead of splitting it. See hard forks for the full upgrade history.
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- Soft ForkA protocol upgrade that is backward-compatible, so nodes running older software can still follow the chain; they just don't see the new feature.Ver término
- Hard Fork CombinatorCardano's mechanism for stitching protocol era transitions onto a single live chain without splitting it.Ver término
- AllegraThe hard fork on December 16, 2020 that added token locking capabilities, a prerequisite for smart contract functionality.Ver término
- AlonzoThe hard fork on September 12, 2021 that brought smart contract functionality to Cardano through Plutus.Ver término
- MaryThe hard fork on March 1, 2021 that introduced native tokens, allowing users to create and transact with custom tokens directly on Cardano.Ver término
- VasilThe hard fork on September 22, 2022 that improved smart contract efficiency and network performance.Ver término
- ChangThe hard fork on September 1, 2024 that activated the Conway era and brought CIP-1694 governance live on Cardano.Ver término
- PlominThe Conway-era hard fork on January 29, 2025 that turned on the remaining CIP-1694 governance actions.Ver término
- van RossemThe Conway-era hard fork on July 18, 2026 (protocol version 11) that added new Plutus builtins and was the first Cardano upgrade ratified entirely through on-chain governance.Ver término
- DijkstraThe next Cardano ledger era and hard fork, named after Edsger Dijkstra. Its first phase, targeted for late 2026, brings Linear Leios and nested transactions, a second phase adds Peras.Ver término